{"id":272,"date":"2017-05-28T00:42:37","date_gmt":"2017-05-27T19:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/?p=272"},"modified":"2024-05-22T14:55:19","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T09:25:19","slug":"types-of-function","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/types-of-function\/","title":{"rendered":"Types of functions(part-3)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Types of Functions-<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/ib-maths-tutors\/\">IB Maths Tutors<\/a> <\/span>should give twenty-two hours for teaching functions and equations as per IBO recommendations. This is my third article on functions in the series of ib mathematics<\/p>\n<p>IB Maths Tutors should give twenty hours in teaching functions and equations. This is my third article on functions in the series of ib mathematics<\/p>\n<p>As you know there are many different\u00a0types of functions in Mathematics. Here I am discussing a few very important of them<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>1.Greatest Integer Function<\/strong>&#8211; \u00a0This is an interesting function. It is defined as the largest \u00a0 \u00a0 integer less than or equal to x<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u00a0 \u00a0y<\/strong><\/em><strong>\u00a0= [<em>x<\/em>].<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For all real numbers,\u00a0<em>x<\/em>, this function gives the largest integer less<br \/>\nthan or equal to\u00a0<em>x<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>For example:\u00a0\u00a0<strong> [1] = 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [2.5] = 2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [4.7] = 4\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [5.3] = 5<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><em>Beware!<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00a0 [-2] = -2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [-2.6] = -3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [-4.1] = -5\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [-6.5] = -7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>domain=<strong>R<\/strong><br \/>\nrange=<b>Z<\/b><\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<p>greatest integer function<!--more--><strong>2. Fractional part function-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>for every real value of x this function gives the fractional part of x.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 f(x)={x}<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 {2.3}=.3 , {5.4}=.4, {2.2}=.2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 {6.7}=.7, {-2.3}=.7, {-2.6}=.3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We can say that: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong> \u00a0 0\u2264{x}\u22201<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>domain=<strong>R<\/strong><br \/>\nrange=<b>less than 1<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Polynomial function<\/strong>&#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0These are functions of the form<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f(x) = a<sub>n<\/sub>x<sup>n<\/sup> + a<sub>n\u22121<\/sub>x <sup>n\u22121<\/sup> + . . . + a<sub>2<\/sub>x <sup>2 <\/sup>+ a<sub>1<\/sub>x + a<sub>0 <\/sub>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic functions etc fall in this category<br \/>\ndomain of these functions is R and range is either<strong> R<\/strong> or a subset of <strong>R<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Trigonometric functions- \u00a0<\/strong>Trigonometric functions or circular functions draw the relationship between the sides and angles of right triangles .we can find this relationship using <strong>\u201cunit circle\u201d<\/strong>. I have explained all this thing in the given video.<\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"unit circle and t ratios\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/r5C2oSawETs?start=165&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>Trigonometric Functions<\/h3>\n<p>There are six trigonometric functions, we will discuss them all one by one<br \/>\n<strong>i. Sin function(variation in a)<\/strong>&#8211;<\/p>\n<p><strong> \u00a0f(x)=sin x<\/strong><br \/>\nthis is a periodic function with a period of<strong> 2\u03a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>domain=<strong>R<\/strong><br \/>\nrange=<strong>[-1,1]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>ii. Cosine function(variation in b)-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>f(x)=cosx<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>this is also a periodic function with a period of <strong>2\u03a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>domain=<strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>range=<strong>[-1,1]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>iii. Tangent function(variation in a\/b)- \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 f(x)= tan x<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>this is also a periodic function with a period of pie<\/p>\n<p>domain=<strong>R-{n pie+pie\/2}<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>range=<strong>R<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This was my last post in ib maths tutors-function series. In my next post, I will discuss some questions based on these topics.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Classification \u00a0Of \u00a0Functions :<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>(i) <strong>One &#8211; One Function (Injective mapping)-:<\/strong> A function f: A\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">B is said to be a one-one function \u00a0or injective mapping if different elements of \u00a0A have different f \u00a0images in B. \u00a0Thus for \u00a0<\/span> &amp;,\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%7Bx_1%7D%20%3D%20%7Bx_2%7D%20%5CLeftrightarrow%20f%28%7Bx_1%7D%29%20%3D%20f%28%7Bx_2%7D%29\" alt=\"{x_1} = {x_2} \\Leftrightarrow f({x_1}) = f({x_2})\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiabg2da9iaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqa baGccqGHuhY2caWGMbGaaiikaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqaba GccaGGPaGaeyypa0JaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikda aeqaaOGaaiykaaaa!46A0! \" \/>\u00a0Function is one-one while if<\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment --> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%7Bx_1%7D%20%5Cne%20%7Bx_2%7D%20%5CLeftrightarrow%20f%28%7Bx_1%7D%29%20%5Cne%20f%28%7Bx_2%7D%29\" alt=\"{x_1} \\ne {x_2} \\Leftrightarrow f({x_1}) \\ne f({x_2})\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiEamaaBa aaleaacaaIXaaabeaakiabgcMi5kaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGOmaaqa baGccqGHuhY2caWGMbGaaiikaiaadIhadaWgaaWcbaGaaGymaaqaba GccaGGPaGaeyiyIKRaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bWaaSbaaSqaaiaaikda aeqaaOGaaiykaaaa!4822! \" \/>\u00a0The function will not be one-one.<!--EndFragment --><\/p>\n<p>(ii) If f(x) is any function which is entirely increasing or decreasing in whole domain, then f(x) is one-one.<\/p>\n<p>(iii) If any line parallel to x-axis cuts the graph of the function atmost at one point, then the function is one-one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Many\u2013one function-<\/strong>: A function f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B \u00a0is said \u00a0to be \u00a0many one functions \u00a0if two or more elements of A have the \u00a0same f image in \u00a0B. Thus \u00a0f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B is \u00a0many-one \u00a0if<\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment --> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5C%3B%7Bx_1%7D%2C%7Bx_2%7D%20%5Cin%20A%5C%3B%5C%26%20%2Cf%7B%28x%29_1%7D%7B%5Crm%7B%20%3D%20f%7D%7D%28%7Bx_2%7D%29\" alt=\"\\;{x_1},{x_2} \\in A\\;\\&amp; ,f{(x)_1}{\\rm{ = f}}({x_2})\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacaGGGcGaamiEa8aadaWgaaWcbaWdbiaaigdaa8aabeaak8qacaGG SaGaamiEa8aadaWgaaWcbaWdbiaaikdaa8aabeaak8qacqGHiiIZca WGbbGaaiiOaiaacAcacaGGSaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiyka8aa daWgaaWcbaWdbiaaigdaa8aabeaakiaab2dapeGaaeOzaiaacIcaca WG4bWdamaaBaaaleaapeGaaGOmaaWdaeqaaOWdbiaacMcaaaa!4AAA! \" \/>\u00a0but \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%7Bx_1%7D%20%5Cne%20%7Bx_2%7D\" alt=\"{x_1} \\ne {x_2}\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacaWG4bWdamaaBaaaleaapeGaaGymaaWdaeqaaOGaeyiyIK7dbiaa dIhapaWaaSbaaSqaa8qacaaIYaaapaqabaaaaa!3C1C! \" \/><\/p>\n<p>(i) Any continuous function which has at least one local maximum or local minimum, then f(x) is many-one. In other words, \u00a0if a line parallel to x-axis cuts the graph of the function at least at two points, then f is many-one. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">This test is known as horizontal line test<\/span><\/p>\n<p>(ii) If a function is one-one, it cannot be many-one and vice versa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Onto function (Surjective mapping)-:<\/strong> If the function f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B is such that each element in B (co-domain) is the image of at least one element in A, then we say that f is a function of A &#8216;onto&#8217; B . Thus f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B is surjective if\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cforall%20\" alt=\"\\forall \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyiaIicaaa!36C6! \" \/>\u00a0 b\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cin%20\" alt=\" \\in \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacqGHiiIZaaa!379A! \" \/>\u00a0B, \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cexists%20\" alt=\"\\exists \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaey4aIqcaaa!36CB! \" \/>\u00a0some \u00a0a <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cin%20\" alt=\" \\in \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacqGHiiIZaaa!379A! \" \/>\u00a0A \u00a0such that \u00a0f (a) = b<\/p>\n<p><strong>Into function-:<\/strong> If f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B is such that there exists at least one element in co-domain which is not the image of any element in the domain, then f(x) is into.<\/p>\n<p>(i) If a function is onto, it cannot be into and vice versa.<\/p>\n<p>(ii) A polynomial of degree even will always be into.<\/p>\n<p>Thus a function can be one of these four types :<\/p>\n<p>(a) one-one onto (injective &amp; surjective)<\/p>\n<p>(b) one-one into (injective but not surjective)<\/p>\n<p>(c) many-one onto (surjective but not injective)<\/p>\n<p>(d) many-one into (neither surjective nor injective)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bijective mapping-\u00a0<\/strong>If f is both injective &amp; surjective, then it is called a Bijective mapping.The bijective functions are also named as invertible, \u00a0non-singular or bi-uniform functions.\u00a0If a \u00a0set \u00a0A contains n<\/p>\n<p>If a \u00a0set \u00a0A contains n distinct elements then the number of different functions defined from A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B is n<sup>n<\/sup>\u00a0&amp; out of it n ! are one one.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Algebraic \u00a0Operations \u00a0On \u00a0Functions:<\/strong> If f &amp; g are real-valued functions of x with domain set A, B respectively, then both f &amp; g are defined in\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=A%20%5Ccap%20B\" alt=\"A \\cap B\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabgM Iihlaadkeaaaa!3921! \" \/>\u00a0\u00a0Now we define \u00a0f + g,<\/p>\n<p>f &#8211; g , \u00a0(f . g) &amp; \u00a0(f\/g) as follows -:<\/p>\n<p>(i) (f \u00b1 g) (x) = f(x) \u00b1 g(x)<\/p>\n<p>(ii) (f . g) (x) = f(x) . g(x)<\/p>\n<p>(iii) \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cfrac%7Bf%7D%7Bg%7D%28x%29%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bg%28x%29%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\frac{f}{g}(x) = \\frac{{f(x)}}{{g(x)}}\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaaca WGMbaabaGaam4zaaaacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcacqGH9aqpdaWcaaqa aiaadAgacaGGOaGaamiEaiaacMcaaeaacaWGNbGaaiikaiaadIhaca GGPaaaaaaa!41CC! \" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Composite Of Uniformly &amp; Non-Uniformly Defined Functions:<\/strong> Let \u00a0f : \u00a0A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/>B \u00a0and g : B<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/>C \u00a0be two functions . Then the function gof : \u00a0A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/>C \u00a0defined by (gof) (x) = g (f(x)) \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cforall%20\" alt=\"\\forall \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyiaIicaaa!36C6! \" \/><\/p>\n<p>x<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cin%20\" alt=\" \\in \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacqGHiiIZaaa!379A! \" \/>\u00a0A is called the composite of the two functions f &amp; g.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Properties \u00a0Of \u00a0Composite \u00a0Functions :<\/strong> (i) The composite of functions is not commutative \u00a0i.e.<\/p>\n<p>(i) The composite of functions is not commutative i.e.\u00a0gof\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cne%20\" alt=\" \\ne \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyiyIKlaaa!37BD! \" \/>fog .<\/p>\n<p>(ii) The composite of functions is associative \u00a0i.e. \u00a0if \u00a0f, g, h are three functions such that \u00a0<strong>fo(<\/strong>goh<strong>) &amp; \u00a0(fog)oh<\/strong> \u00a0are defined, then<strong> \u00a0fo(<\/strong>goh<strong>) <\/strong>= <strong>(fog)oh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(iii) The composite \u00a0of \u00a0two bijections is a bijection \u00a0i.e. \u00a0if \u00a0f &amp; g are two bijections such that <strong>\u00a0<\/strong>gof is defined, then gof is also a bijection. Implicit \u00a0&amp; \u00a0Explicit<\/p>\n<p><strong>Implicit \u00a0&amp; \u00a0Explicit <\/strong><strong>Function-<\/strong>: A function defined by an equation not solved for the dependent variable is called an implicit Function. For eg. the equation x<sup>3<\/sup> + y<sup>3<\/sup>= 1 defines y \u00a0as an implicit function. If y has been expressed in terms of x alone then it is called an Explicit Function.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Homogeneous \u00a0Functions-:<\/strong> A function is\u00a0said to be homogeneous with respect to any set of variables when each of its terms is to the same degree with respect to those variables.\u00a0 For \u00a0example F(x)= \u00a05 x<sup>2<\/sup> + 3 y<sup>2<\/sup> &#8211; xy \u00a0is \u00a0homogeneous \u00a0in \u00a0x &amp; y . Symbolically if, f (tx , ty) = t<sup>n<\/sup>. \u00a0f(x,y) \u00a0then \u00a0f(x,y) is homogeneous function of degree \u00a0n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Inverse \u00a0Of \u00a0A \u00a0Function-:<\/strong> Let \u00a0f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/>\u00a0B \u00a0be a \u00a0one-one \u00a0&amp; \u00a0onto function, \u00a0then \u00a0there \u00a0exists \u00a0a \u00a0unique \u00a0function \u00a0 g: B<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> A \u00a0such that \u00a0f(x) = y\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5CLeftrightarrow%20\" alt=\" \\Leftrightarrow \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSnaaa!3852! \" \/> <span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">g(y) = x,\u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cforall%20\" alt=\"\\forall \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyiaIicaaa!36C6! \" \/><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">\u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5C%3Bx%20%5Cin%20A\" alt=\"\\;x \\in A\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacaGGGcGaamiEaiabgIGiolaadgeaaaa!3A81! \" \/><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5C%3By%20%5Cin%20B\" alt=\"\\;y \\in B\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaaeaaaaaaaaa8 qacaGGGcGaamyEaiabgIGiolaadkeaaaa!3A83! \" \/><\/p>\n<p><!--EndFragment --><\/p>\n<p><!--EndFragment --><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">Then g is said to be inverse of f. \u00a0Thus \u00a0g =<\/span>f<sup>-1 \u00a0<\/sup><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">B <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/>\u00a0A = \u00a0{(f(x), x) \u00bd (x, \u00a0f(x)) \u00ce f} . Properties \u00a0Of \u00a0Inverse \u00a0Function \u00a0: (i) The inverse of a bijection is unique.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\"> (ii) If f: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> B \u00a0is a bijection &amp; g: A<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%20%5Cto%20\" alt=\" \\to \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOKH4kaaa!37E3! \" \/> A is the inverse of f, then fog =<\/span>I<sub>B \u00a0<\/sub><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">and gof =<\/span>I<span style=\"font-size: 12.1612px;\">A<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">where \u00a0<\/span>I<span style=\"font-size: 12.1612px;\">A\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">&amp; \u00a0<\/span>I<sub>B \u00a0<\/sub><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">are identity functions on the sets A &amp; B respectively. Note that the graphs of f &amp; g \u00a0are the mirror images of each other in the line y = x.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><strong>Odd &amp; Even Functions-:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>If f (-x) = f (x) for all x in the domain of \u2018f\u2019 then f is said to be an even function. e.g. f (x) = cos x \u00a0; \u00a0g (x) = x\u00b2 + 3 .<\/p>\n<p>If f (-x) = -f (x) for all x in the domain of \u2018f\u2019 then f is said to be an odd function.<\/p>\n<p>e.g. f (x) = sin x , g (x) = x<sup>3<\/sup> + x<\/p>\n<p>(i) f (x) &#8211; f (-x) = 0 =&gt; \u00a0f (x) is even \u00a0&amp; \u00a0f (x) + f (-x) = 0 =&gt; f (x) is odd<\/p>\n<p>(ii) f (x) &#8211; f (-x) = 0 =&gt; \u00a0f (x) is even \u00a0&amp; \u00a0f (x) + f (-x) = 0 =&gt; f (x) is odd .<\/p>\n<p>(iii) A function may neither be odd nor be even.<\/p>\n<p>(iv) Inverse \u00a0of \u00a0an \u00a0even \u00a0function \u00a0is \u00a0not \u00a0defined .<\/p>\n<p>(v) Every even function is symmetric about the y-axis \u00a0&amp; \u00a0every odd \u00a0function is symmetric about the origin .<\/p>\n<p>(vi) Every function can be expressed as the sum of an even &amp; an odd function.<\/p>\n<p><!--StartFragment -->\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=f%28x%29%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%20%2B%20f%28%20-%20x%29%7D%7D%7B2%7D%20%2B%20%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%20-%20f%28%20-%20x%29%7D%7D%7B2%7D\" alt=\"f(x) = \\frac{{f(x) + f( - x)}}{2} + \\frac{{f(x) - f( - x)}}{2}\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacI cacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maalaaabaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGa aiykaiabgUcaRiaadAgacaGGOaGaeyOeI0IaamiEaiaacMcaaeaaca aIYaaaaiabgUcaRmaalaaabaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaiab gkHiTiaadAgacaGGOaGaeyOeI0IaamiEaiaacMcaaeaacaaIYaaaaa aa!4D64! \" \/><\/p>\n<p>(vii) The only function which is defined on the entire number line &amp; is even and odd at the same time is f(x) = 0.(viii)\u00a0If f and g both \u00a0are even or both are odd then the function \u00a0f.g \u00a0will \u00a0be even but if any one of them is odd then f.g \u00a0will \u00a0be odd .<\/p>\n<p>(viii)\u00a0If f and g both are even or both are odd then the function \u00a0f.g \u00a0will be even but if any one of them is odd then f.g \u00a0will be odd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Periodic \u00a0Function-:<\/strong> A function \u00a0f(x) is \u00a0called \u00a0periodic \u00a0if \u00a0there exists a positive number T (T &gt; 0) called the period \u00a0of the \u00a0function \u00a0such \u00a0that \u00a0f (x + T) = f(x), \u00a0for \u00a0all \u00a0values \u00a0of \u00a0x within the domain of x.<\/p>\n<p>e.g. The function sin x &amp; cos x both are periodic over 2<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cpi%20\" alt=\"\\pi \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiWdahaaa!37B3! \" \/>\u00a0&amp; tan x is periodic over\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cpi%20\" alt=\"\\pi \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiWdahaaa!37B3! \" \/><\/p>\n<p>(i) f (T) = f (0) = f (-T) , \u00a0 where \u2018T\u2019 is the period .<\/p>\n<p>(ii) Inverse of a periodic function does not exist .<\/p>\n<p>(iii) Every constant function is always periodic, with no fundamental period .<\/p>\n<p>(iv) If \u00a0f (x) \u00a0has \u00a0a period \u00a0T \u00a0&amp; \u00a0g (x) \u00a0also \u00a0has \u00a0a \u00a0period T \u00a0then it does not \u00a0mean that \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0f(x) + g(x) \u00a0must have a \u00a0period T . \u00a0 e.g.\u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=f%28x%29%20%3D%20%5Cleft%7C%20%7B%5Csin%20x%7D%20%5Cright%7C%20%2B%20%5Cleft%7C%20%7B%5Ccos%20x%7D%20%5Cright%7C\" alt=\"f(x) = \\left| {\\sin x} \\right| + \\left| {\\cos x} \\right|\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOzaiaacI cacaWG4bGaaiykaiabg2da9maaemaabaGaci4CaiaacMgacaGGUbGa amiEaaGaay5bSlaawIa7aiabgUcaRmaaemaabaGaci4yaiaac+gaca GGZbGaamiEaaGaay5bSlaawIa7aaaa!4908! \" \/><\/p>\n<p>(v) If \u00a0f(x) has a period \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cpi%20\" alt=\"\\pi \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiWdahaaa!37B3! \" \/>, then \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Csqrt%20%7Bf%28x%29%7D%20\" alt=\"\\sqrt {f(x)} \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaOaaaeaaca WGMbGaaiikaiaadIhacaGGPaaaleqaaaaa!3952! \" \/><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\">and \u00a0<\/span><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bf%28x%29%7D%7D\" alt=\"\\frac{1}{{f(x)}}\" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaaca aIXaaabaGaamOzaiaacIcacaWG4bGaaiykaaaaaaa!3A02! \" \/>\u00a0 \u00a0also has a period \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"ee_img tr_noresize\" src=\"http:\/\/chart.apis.google.com\/chart?cht=tx&amp;chs=1x0&amp;chf=bg,s,FFFFFF00&amp;chco=000000&amp;chl=%5Cpi%20\" alt=\"\\pi \" longdesc=\"MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeqiWdahaaa!37B3! \" \/><\/p>\n<p>(vi) if \u00a0f(x) has a period T then f(ax + b) has a period \u00a0T\/a \u00a0(a &gt; 0).<\/p>\n<p>Here are links to my previous posts on functions<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/ib-maths-functions-introduction\/\">First Post-An Introduction to functions<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/ib-mathematics-d\u2026n-range-function\/\">Second Post-Domain and Range of functions<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">Third Post-Types of functions(part-1)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Here is a pdf containing questions on this topic<\/p>\n<div class=\"qQVYZb\"><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"qQVYZb\"><a style=\"font-size: 0.95em;\" href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B1PiuJ2m4-y1YnhMLTdxbGc5b1k\/view?usp=drive_web\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?hl=en&amp;q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B1PiuJ2m4-y1YnhMLTdxbGc5b1k\/view?usp%3Ddrive_web&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1506088141064000&amp;usg=AFQjCNGQFArMAaphk9hBryghX2cWZwUViw\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/ci3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/y-eEJVZO0ZxtirXuMmRjVZzxAGAwJupv74ajiF4CXmb6sur6K2QwkLXr7GMupOJtKP91SqftvjLoCJwE2ulPcY6K1RZBhXx1bEGr9pISY6roJZcq139mt0P8=s0-d-e1-ft#https:\/\/ssl.gstatic.com\/docs\/doclist\/images\/icon_10_generic_list.png\" \/>\u00a0<span dir=\"ltr\">functions .pdf<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<div id=\":19u\" class=\"ii gt adP adO\">\n<div id=\":19v\" class=\"a3s aXjCH m15ea4b2e203fe156\">\n<div dir=\"ltr\">\n<h3>\u200b\u200b<\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"gmail_chip gmail_drive_chip\"><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B1PiuJ2m4-y1eG9pV0NLRGZrSzA\/view?usp=drive_web\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?hl=en&amp;q=https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/0B1PiuJ2m4-y1eG9pV0NLRGZrSzA\/view?usp%3Ddrive_web&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1506088141064000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFIC9m3fzRDvwaHOn5EqT9BApZ20A\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"CToWUd\" src=\"https:\/\/ci3.googleusercontent.com\/proxy\/y-eEJVZO0ZxtirXuMmRjVZzxAGAwJupv74ajiF4CXmb6sur6K2QwkLXr7GMupOJtKP91SqftvjLoCJwE2ulPcY6K1RZBhXx1bEGr9pISY6roJZcq139mt0P8=s0-d-e1-ft#https:\/\/ssl.gstatic.com\/docs\/doclist\/images\/icon_10_generic_list.png\" \/>\u00a0<span dir=\"ltr\">Worksheets on Functions .pdf<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-931\" src=\"http:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/ib-free-demo-class.png\" alt=\"ib free demo class\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" \/><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Whatsapp us on +919911262206 or fill the form\u00a0<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f168-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"168\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272#wpcf7-f168-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"168\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.5\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f168-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<p><label> Your Email (required)<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-email\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"email\" name=\"your-email\" \/><\/span> <\/label>\n<\/p>\n<p><label> Your Message with Whatsapp number<br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"your-subject\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text\" aria-invalid=\"false\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"your-subject\" \/><\/span> <\/label><br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"quiz-math\"><label><span class=\"wpcf7-quiz-label\">5+7=?<\/span> <input size=\"40\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-quiz quiz\" autocomplete=\"off\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" type=\"text\" name=\"quiz-math\" \/><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_quiz_answer_quiz-math\" value=\"8b3bab2d7eb6e623ccd7e551caee1bbd\" \/><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Send\" \/>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--EndFragment --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Types of Functions- IB Maths Tutors should give twenty-two hours for teaching functions and equations as per IBO recommendations. This is my third article on [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ib-online-maths-tutors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=272"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/272\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ibelitetutor.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}