## Applications of Integration

In my previous posts, we discussed Definite and Indefinite Integrations. Now IB Maths Tutors will learn about Applications of Derivatives. Initially, we shall discuss “Area Under Curves”.

Area Under Curve-: If we want to calculate the area between the curves y=f(x) and y=g(x) then there are actually two cases-

First Case when   Below is the figure showing this case

here area under these  two curves

The second Case When  Below figure shows this case

here area between the two curves is

Both these formulas are the standard formula, we can calculate area using these formulas. But we can see that we are subtracting left side function from Right side function or the below function from the top function. we do so because we want to make sure that we subtract smaller from larger

We can summarize the whole topics in a few steps-

1.The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) , the x-axis and the ordinates at x = a & x = b is given by,

2. If the area is below the x-axis then A is negative. The convention is to consider the magnitude only i.e.If the area is below the x-axis then A is negative. The convention is to consider the magnitude only i.e.

3. Area between the curves y = f (x) & y = g (x) between the ordinates at x = a & x = b is given by,

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4. Average value of a function y = f (x) w.r.t. x over an interval      is defined as :

Some key Points For JEE Regarding Area Bounded by Curves(applications of integration)

1.Area bounded by an ellipse     is

2.The area bounded by an arc of Sinkx and x-axis is or Coskx and x-axis is

3. Area bounded by parabolas   , and x-axis

4. Area bounded by parabolas   is

5.Area bounded by parabola   or    and it’s latus rectum x=a is

6.Area bounded by parabola   (or  )  and a line y=mx (x=my) is

Volume of Solids-(applications of integration)

To understand solid of revolution, we first assume a function y=f(x) on an interval [a,b].

If we rotate this curve around x-axis or y-axis, we get a 3-d solid.If we rotate around x-axis, we get a solid like the one shown below

Now we shall simply use the formula to find the volume

or if it’s around the y-axis, then the volume

here   and  are the areas of the cross-section of the solid.
Area of cross-section =

If it’s in the shape of a ring then area of cross-section=

R and r will depend upon the axis of rotation (either x or y-axis) as well as the given function.

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In case the cross section is cylindrical

Calculation of Work Using Integration(applications of integration) Work done by some force is usually calculated by formula W=F.d here we assume that the force is constant. But If we look at our day to day examples no force is constant. Force is different at every point. If a force any point ‘x’ acts on an object and moves it from x=a to x=b then work done

Calculation of Electrostatic Force Using Integration(applications of integration)-

If we place two charges  and   at some distance ‘x’ then the force between these two charges

we assume that this force is constant but this is never constant. It depends upon the distance between the two charges.

If the distance between the two charges changed from a to b then work done

Curve Tracing Using Integration(applications of integration): The following outline procedure is to be applied in Sketching the graph of a function y = f (x) which in turn will be extremely useful to quickly and correctly evaluate the area under the curves.

(a) Symmetry: The symmetry of the curve is judged as follows :

(i) If all the powers of y in the equation are even then the curve is symmetrical about the axis of x.

(ii) If all the powers of x are even, the curve is symmetrical about the axis of y.

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iii) If powers of x & y both are even, the curve is symmetrical about the axis of x as well as y

(iv) If the equation of the curve remains unchanged on interchanging x and y, then the curve is symmetrical about y = x.

(v) If on interchanging the signs of x & y both the equation of the curve is unaltered then there is symmetry in opposite quadrants.
(b) Find dy/dx & equate it to zero to find the points on the curve where you have horizontal tangents.
(c) Find the points where the curve crosses the x-axis & also the y-axis.

(d) Examine if possible the intervals when f (x) is increasing or decreasing. Examine what happens to ‘y’ when

Besides these uses, we also use integration in Chemistry(half-life problems etc.) in History(predicting half-life) and in Economics. Infect integration is base of Economics.

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Calculus is one of the most important areas to crack the JEE Mathematics paper. Here I am sharing all the links to my posts on calculus. You can learn from these posts and download the valuable material using these links:-